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The baby's skin suddenly red, itchy, peeling and rough as eczema. Everyone treated, relapse again. You also suspect, lest he was allergic to something food, milk, or air. But, rather than guessing and the incident continues to recur, it's good he was in an allergy test to determine whether he was allergic or not. If he is tested positive for allergies, keep in mind what the source of allergy or allergen trigger.
In the examination of allergies, the test is the level of immunoglobulin E specific to certain substances that cause allergies in the blood of children. If the value is greater than the normal value (0.1-0.4 ug / ml in serum) or high-margin boundary, then the child tested positive for allergies. After that, there are follow-up tests to know what substances or substances that cause allergic diseases.
When done correctly and accurately, from preparation to how to perform the tests, all types of allergy tests have an accuracy level close to 100%. Here are some types of tests for allergens.
Skin prick test (Skin Prick Test)
Useful: checking allergies to inhaled allergens (dust, mites, flower powder) and food allergens (milk, shrimp, crab), up to 33 types of allergens or more.
Procedure:
To undergo this test, the child's age is at least 3 years old and in good health, and he / she is not new to taking any antihistamine (anti-allergic) medication within 3-7 days (depending on the type of medicine).
Various types of food, even pollen.did above the skin by way of dripping. Allergen extracts are in the form of natural ingredients, for example Tests are performed on the inner forearm skin. The skin is given a special tool called an allergen extract
Not using ordinary syringes but using special needles, so as not to bleed or wound, and not painful.
When the results of positive tests allergic to certain allergens, will arise red bumps that itch in the skin.
This test should be performed by a physician who is an expert in allergy-immunology because techniques and interpretations (reading test results) are more difficult than other tests.
Patch Test
Point: to know allergies caused by contact with chemicals, for example in cases of dermatitis or eczema.
Procedure:
Conducted in children aged at least 3 years.
Two days before the test, the child should not perform sweaty or bathing activities. His back should not be exposed to friction and should be free from topical medications, creams or ointments.
The test will be done on the skin of the back. How, by placing chemicals in a special place (finn chamber) and then affixed to the child's back. During the test (48 hours), the child should not be too active to move.
When the results of positive tests are allergic to certain chemicals, in the skin of the back will appear reddish spots or bouncy.
RAST Test (Radio Allergo Sorbent Test)
Usefulness: Know allergies to allergens inhaled and food allergens.
Procedure:
Can be done on any child of any age and do not use drugs.
In this test, the blood serum samples of children will be taken as much as 2 cc, then processed with a special computerized machine. The result is known after 4 hours.
Intrakutan skin test
Point: To know allergy to the injected drug.
Procedure:
Conducted in children aged at least 3 years.
The test is performed in the forearm skin by injecting the drug to be tested in the lower layers of the skin.
When the test results positive, will arise bumps, red and itchy.
Food provocation and elimination test
Usefulness: Knowing allergies to certain foods.
Procedure:
Can be done to any child of any age
Diagnosis of food allergy is made based on clinical diagnosis, i e history or history of childhood illness and careful examination of family history, history of feeding and signs and symptoms of food allergy since childhood.
Furthermore, to ensure allergy-causing foods, the use of the Blind Placebo Control Food Challenge (DBPCFC) method, which is the standard. However, because of the way DBPCFC is complicated and takes time and cost, some child care centers modify this method. One of them, by doing “Elimination of Simple Open Food Provision”. How: in a child's daily diet, elimination (avoid) some foods that cause allergies for 2-3 weeks. After that, if there is no allergy complaints, then followed by provocation of suspected food. Next, a diet of 1 food provocation is done within 1 week and when symptoms develop are recorded. Called a cause of allergies if in 3 times provocation cause symptoms. No need to fear the child will be malnourished, because in addition to the elimination of this diet is temporary, the child can be given a replacement of food abolished that has an equivalent nutritional content.
Drug provocation test
Usefulness: Know allergic to drugs taken.
Procedure:
Can be done to any child of any age.
The method used is DBPC (Double Blind Placebo Control) or double vague test. Way, patients take medicine with the dose increased gradually, then awaited reaction with interval 15-30 minutes.
In one day, only one drug can be tested. If necessary continue with another drug test, the distance is at least one week, depending on the type of drug.
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